--- title: Understanding Our Water description: How much do you know about the magnificent and abundant waters of Wisconsin? The journey to Understanding Our Water is complex, exciting, and important. image: https://www.newwater.us/hubfs/Social%20Media/UOW%20Rec.%204.16.2021.jpg --- ![Water splashing on the Bay of Green Bay](https://www.newwater.us/hubfs/Top%20Hero%20Banners/Water%20splashing%20on%20the%20Bay%20of%20Green%20Bay.jpg) ![Great Lakes from Space High Res](https://www.newwater.us/hs-fs/hubfs/Images/Great%20Lakes%20from%20Space%20High%20Res.jpg?width=357&name=Great%20Lakes%20from%20Space%20High%20Res.jpg) # Understanding Our Water Green Bay sits at the mouth of Lake Michigan, one of the Laurentian Great Lakes, which collectively represent 20% of the world’s remaining surface freshwater. How much do you know about the magnificent and abundant waters of Green Bay? The journey to Understanding Our Water is complex, exciting, and important. Before you head out to enjoy Wisconsin’s waters, being armed with knowledge of what’s happening in that water, can help keep you, and your family, safe. As the world’s largest freshwater estuary, Green Bay acts like a sponge and captures many nutrients that runoff into the Bay. Runoff is water that travels over land and can carry sediment and nutrients to a waterbody that were intended to stay on land. These excess nutrients can fuel the growth of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms, sometimes known as blue green algae. Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) have been detected in Green Bay, as well as in many bodies of water in the U.S., and internationally, and be harmful to living creatures, particularly small children and pets, who tend to ingest the water. When in doubt, stay out! Some useful resources to help you understand our water are listed here. [![Spring Flooding - Square](https://www.newwater.us/hs-fs/hubfs/Spring%20Flooding%20-%20Square.jpeg?width=307&name=Spring%20Flooding%20-%20Square.jpeg)](https://www.newwater.us/hubfs/Metroflow%20Newsletter%20-%20TESTING/GreenBaySpringRunoffMapAnimation-Loop.gif?hsLang=en-us) ## Runoff [Click here](https://www.newwater.us/hubfs/Metroflow%20Newsletter%20-%20TESTING/GreenBaySpringRunoffMapAnimation-Loop.gif?hsLang=en-us) to see how runoff events can bring nutrients and sediment from land to the Fox River and into lower Green Bay. *Image Caption: Rain events can transport sediment and nutrients from the land and deposit them in the water.* [![Aerial View - Fox River into the Bay of Green Bay - square](https://www.newwater.us/hs-fs/hubfs/Images/Aerial%20View%20-%20Fox%20River%20into%20the%20Bay%20of%20Green%20Bay%20-%20square.jpeg?width=254&name=Aerial%20View%20-%20Fox%20River%20into%20the%20Bay%20of%20Green%20Bay%20-%20square.jpeg)](https://youtu.be/Vcsw2cvAwms) ## Freshwater Estuary What is a freshwater estuary? [Watch this video to learn more.](https://youtu.be/Vcsw2cvAwms) *Image Caption: The Fox River flows north into the bay of Green Bay, creating the world's largest freshwater estuary. Photo courtesy of Steve Seilo.* ![Algae in water - square](https://www.newwater.us/hs-fs/hubfs/Images/Algae%20in%20water%20-%20square.jpeg?width=248&name=Algae%20in%20water%20-%20square.jpeg) ## Harmful Algal Blooms Ongoing study indicates cyanobacteria produce cyanotoxins near the lower Green Bay shoreline. [See the white paper here.](https://www.newwater.us/hubfs/PDFs/Aquatic%20Monitoring/NEW-Water-Final-White-Paper-Bay-Beach-2-2018.pdf?hsLang=en-us) *Image Caption: Algal blooms on the shoreline. Thick green scum is a common bloom attribute.* --- ## **[![Buoy Sites_GLOS_Snippet_2023](https://www.newwater.us/hs-fs/hubfs/Images/Aquatic%20Monitoring/Buoy/Buoy%20Sites_GLOS_Snippet_2023.jpg?width=543&height=350&name=Buoy%20Sites_GLOS_Snippet_2023.jpg)](https://www.newwater.us/programs/aquatic-monitoring/water-data?hsLang=en-us)Water quality data to help understand our waterways** NEW Water is excited to bring two long-term monitoring stations into a new era of (near) real-time data collection to help tell the story about water quality and aid in understanding our waters. [Check out the data](https://www.newwater.us/programs/aquatic-monitoring/water-data?hsLang=en-us) --- ![IAGLR](https://www.newwater.us/hs-fs/hubfs/Images/News%20and%20journal/IAGLR.jpg?width=188&height=250&name=IAGLR.jpg) ## **Additional Resources** ### **New studies on area waters** Want to learn more about what’s happening with cyanobacteria, as well as the “dead zone,” or hypoxia, in Green Bay waters? Dive into these new scientific studies by NEW Water staff scientists Erin Houghton and Sarah Bartlett. [Article on cyanobacteria](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0380133018301783)    [Article on "dead zone"](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0380133018301357) --- For more information on safely recreating in waters with cyanotoxins, please visit: - [The Wisconsin Department of Public Health: “When in doubt, stay out!”](https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/water/bg-algae/index.htm) - [Environmental Protection Agency: “Cyanobacterial Algal Blooms in Water”](https://www.epa.gov/cyanohabs) - [The National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NOAA): Regularly updated information on HABs bloom events in Green Bay and Lake Winnebago](https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/research/stressor-impacts-mitigation/hab-monitoring-system/cyanobacteria-algal-bloom-from-satellite-in-green-bay-and-lake-winnebago-wi/)